Effect of Methyl Parathion on Survival and Development of Tadpoles of Indian Cricket frog Fejervarya limnocharis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11594/jtls.06.01.08Abstract
Amphibian populations are declining due to various causes including pesticide contamination in natural habitat. We evaluated effect of Methyl Parathion (MPT) an organophosphate pesticide on survival and development of common paddy field frog Fejervarya limnocharis in a laboratory condition. Effect of 0 µg MPT/L, 500 µg MPT/L, 1000 µg MPT/L, 1500 µg MPT/L, 2000 µg MPT/L and 3000 µg MPT/L was studied using static toxicity test for a duration of 28 days. MPT reduced the survival of tadpole. The mortality increased with the increased concentration of pesticide. The development decreased with increased MPT concentrations. At higher concentrations, MPT induced slow development and tadpoles failed to metamorphose. It is assumed that slow development could affect the larval life and amphibian population in agro-ecosystem.
References
Brühl CA, Pieper S, Weber B (2011) Amphibians at risk? Susceptibility of terrestrial amphibian life stages to pesticides. Environ Toxicol Chem. 30(11): 2465-2472.
Fedorenkova A, Vonk JA, Lenders HJR, Creemers RCM, Breure AM, Hendriks AJ (2012) Ranking ecological risks of multiple chemical stressors on amphibians. Environ Toxicol Chem. 31:1416–1421.
Weltje L, Simpson P, Gross M, Crane M, Wheeler JR (2013) Comparative acute and chronic sensitivity of fish and amphibians: A critical review of data. Environ Toxicol Chem. 32 (5): 984-994.
Nataraj MB, Krishnamurthy SV (2014) Exposure of tadpoles of Fejervarya limnocharis (Anura: Ranidae) to combinations of carbaryl and cypermethrin. Toxicol Environ Chem. 95(8): 1408-1415
Krishnamurthy SV (2003) Amphibian diversity and consequences of habitat dissimilation on their distribution in central Western Ghats of Karnataka. SERC Research Highlight-June 2003. Department of Science & Technology, Govt. of India, Pp 9-38.
Meenakumari (2007) Nitrate tolerance among anuran amphibians of central Western Ghats Ph.D. Thesis: Kuvempu University, India.
Adolfo M, Ortiz-Santaliestra M (2009) Pollution: Impact of reactive nitrogen on amphibians (nitrogen pollution). In: Heatwole H, Wilkinson JW eds. Amphibian Biology Vol. 8, Amphibian Decline: Diseases, Parasites, Maladies and Pollution. Surrey Beatty & Sons, Baulkham Hills, NSW, Australia pp 3112–3144.
Mann RM, Hyne RV, Choung CB, Wilson SP (2009) Amphibians and agricultural chemicals: Review of the risks in a complex environment. Environ Pollut. 157:2903–2927.
Lehman CM, Williams BK (2010) Effects of current-use pesticides on amphibians. In: Sparling D, Linder G, Bishop CA eds. Ecotoxicology of Amphibians and Reptiles, 2nd ed. Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Pensacola, FL, USA, pp 167–202.
Hegde G, Krishnamurthy SV (2014) Analysis of health status of the frog Fejervarya limnocharis (Anura: Ranidae) living in rice paddy fields of Western Ghats, using body condition factor and AChE content. Ecotox Environ Contamin. 9(1): 69-76.
Berrill M, Coulson D, McGillvray L, Pauli B (1998) Toxicity of endosulfan to aquatic stages of anuran amphibians. Environ Toxicol Chem. 17(9): 1738-1744.
Greulich K, Pflugmacher K (2003) Differences in susceptibility of various life stages of amphibians to pesticide exposure. Aquat Toxicol. (Amst) 56:329–336.
Rohr JR, Elskus AA, Shepherd BS, Crowley PH, McCarthy TM, Niedzwiecki JH, Sager T, Sih A, Palmer BD (2003) Lethal and sublethal effects of atrazine, carbaryl, endosulfan, and octylphenol on the streamside salamander (Ambystoma barbouri). Environ Toxicol Chem. 22:2385–2392.
Hayes TB, Case P, Chui S, Chung D, Haeffele C, Haston K, Lee M, Mai VP, Marjuoa Y, Parker J, Tsui M (2006) Pesticide mixtures, endocrine disruption, and amphibian declines: Are we underestimating the impact? Environ Health Perspect. 114:40–50.
Relyea RA (2010) Multiple stressors and indirect food web effects of contaminants on herptofauna. In: Sparling D, Linder G, Bishop CA eds. Ecotoxicology of Amphibians and Reptiles, 2nd ed. Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Pensacola, FL, USA Pp. 475-486.
Ouellet M, Bonin J, Rodrigue J, DesGranges JL, Lair S (1997) Hindlimb deformities (ectromelia, ectrodactyly) in free-living anurans from agricultural habitats. J. of Wildl. Dis. 33:95-104
Davidson C, Shaffer HB, Jennings MR (2002) Spatial tests of the pesticide drift, habitat destruction, UV-B, and climate-change hypotheses of California amphibian declines. Conserv Biol. 16:1588–1601.
Taylor B, Skelly D, Demarchis LK, Slade MD, Galusha D, Rabinowitz PM (2005) Proximity to pollution sources and risk of amphibian limb malformation. Environ Health Persp. 113:1497–1501.
Bishop PJ, Angulo A, Lewis JP, Moore RD, Rabb GB, Moreno JG (2012) The amphibian extinction crisis: what will it take to put the action into the Amphibian Conservation Action Plan? Sapiens (Online) 5.2.
Gardner T (2001) Declining amphibian populations: a global phenomenon in conservation biology. Anim Biodiv Conser. 24: 25-44.
Vasudev V, Krishnamurthy SV, Gurushankara HP (2008) Organophosphate pesticides – a major threat to anuran populations in an agroecosystem of Western Ghats, India. Froglog 83: 8–9
Gurushankara HP, Krishnamurthy SV, Vasudev V (2007a) Effect of malathion on survival, growth and food consumption of Indian cricket frog (Limnonectus limnocharis) tadpoles. Arch. of Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 52: 251–256.
Nataraj MB, Krishnamurthy SV (2012) Effects of combinations of malathion and cypermethrin on survivability and time of metamorphosis of tadpoles of Indian cricket frog (Fejervarya limnocharis). J. of Environ. Sci. Health Part B 47(2): 67-73
Gurushankara HP, Krishnamurthy SV, Vasudev V (2007b) Morphological abnormalities in natural populations of common frogs inhabiting agro-ecosystems of central Western Ghats. Appl Herp. 4: 39-45
Patel AM, Kulkarni PA, Girish KG, Gurushankara HP, Krishnamurthy SV (2008) Cricket frogs: morphological abnormalities Herp Review. 31(9): 77.
Daniels RJR (2005) Amphibians of Peninsular India, Universities Press, India
Watson FL, Schmidt H, Turman ZK, Hole N, Garcia H, Gregg J, Tilghman J, Fradinger EA (2014) Organophosphate pesticides induce morphological abnormalities and decrease locomotor activity and heart rate in Danio rerio and Xenopus laevis. Environ Toxicol Chem. 33: 1337-1345.
Anguiano OL, Montagna CM, Chifflet de Llamas M, Gauna L, Pechen de D'Angelo AM (1994) Comparative toxicity of parathion in early embryos and larvae of the toad Bufo arenarum Hensel. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 52: 649-655.
Chaiyarat A, Tangpraprutgul P, Pariyanonth P, Wattanasirmkit K (2003) Effects of Methylparathion on the Reproductive System in Male Frogs, Hoplobaprachus rugulosus. J. of Sci. Res. Chula. Univ. 28: I (NRC-EHWM) 30-40
Gosner KL (1960) A simplified table for staging anuran embryo and larvae with notes on identification. Herpetologica 16:183-190.
Sabnis JH, Kuthe SN (1978) Observation on food and growth of Bufo melanostictus tadpole. J. of Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 77: 21-25.
Gurushankara HP (2007) Cytogenetical and biochemical effects of organophosphate pesticides malathion and parathion on Rana (Limnonectus) limnocharis Thesis: Kuvempu University, Shivamogga, India.
Calumpang SM, Medina MJ, Tejada AW, Medina JR (1997) Toxicity of chlorpyrifos, fenubucarb, monocrotophos, and methyl parathion to ï¬sh and frogs after a simulated overflow of paddy water. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 58: 909–914.
McDiarmid RW, Altig R (Editors) (1999) Tadpoles: the biology of anuran larvae. The University of Chicago Press Pp.208.
Miaud C, Üzüm N, Azaz A, Olgun K (2007) Age, size and growth of the endemic Anatolian mountain frog Rana holtzi from Turkey. Herpetol J. 17: 167-173.
Burton EC, Gray MJ, Schmutzer AC, Miller DL (2009) Differential responses of postmetamorphic amphibians to cattle grazing in wetlands. J. of Wildl. Manag. 73: 269-277.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
The work has not been published before (except in the form of an abstract or part of a published lecture or thesis) and it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere. When the manuscript is accepted for publication in this journal, the authors agree to automatic transfer of the copyright to the publisher.
Journal of Tropical Life Science is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
_.png){kind=logo}
