Agronomical Performances of Gajah Mungkur Mutant Rice Varieties Under Drought Stress: Agronomical Performances of Gajah Mungkur Mutant Rice Varieties

Dwi Rahmawati; Azri Kusuma Dewi; Venti Yanti Mufikasari; Elly Daru Wilujeng; Moch. Rosyadi Adnan

doi:10.11594/jtls.14.01.08

Authors

Dwi Rahmawati State Polytechnic of Jember https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2257-5994
Azri Kusuma Dewi National Nuclear Agency of Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7237-6857
Venti Yanti Mufikasari State Polytechnic of Jember
Elly Daru Wilujeng State Polytechnic of Jember https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9441-7234
Moch. Rosyadi Adnan State Polytechnic of Jember https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7237-6857

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11594/jtls.14.01.08

Keywords:

agronomical traits, drought, gamma radiation, mutant variety, rice

Abstract

The productivity of the rice plant is commonly influenced by both genotype and environmental factors. One common environmental factor that leads to harvest failure is drought, often caused by low rainfall. Therefore, the development of drought-tolerant varieties should be implemented to obtain optimum productivity under an unfavorable environment. One of the canonical approaches for achieving this is genetic manipulation, such as by gamma radiation-induced mutation. This study aimed to determine the drought tolerance and quantitative characteristics of mutant rice varieties generated from gamma radiation. The methodology used was a split-plot design with two factors, including drought as the first factor consisting of three groups namely control, mid-level, and high-level. The second factor was rice genotypes, which consisted of six genotypes comprising PMG 07/PsJ, PMG 08/ PsJ, and PMG 09/ PsJ (mutant varieties), Gajah Mungkur (parental background), Limboto (drought-tolerant), and IR 20 (drought-susceptible). The data were statistically examined using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and further analyzed with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) with a significance level of 5%. The results showed that high-level drought significantly affected plant height during both the vegetative and mature stages. Among the mutants, PMG 08/PsJ exhibited better vegetative growth under dry conditions, retaining a relatively higher height. Drought also had a negative impact on the number of tillers and productive tillers. The PMG 08/PsJ mutant had a slightly higher number of tillers under drought cultivations. On the other hand, PMG 09/PsJ was found to have a relatively more filled grain number per panicle. Leaf rolling and dryness index showed similar trends in all varieties, while drought treatments imposed a delay on the flowering and harvesting age. Although the results demonstrated no substantial improvement over the parental lines, the selected mutant lines provided several beneficial agronomical features such as maintenance of plant height, tiller number, and shorter life cycles under severe drought. These characteristics could serve as valuable genetic resources for breeding programs focused on developing drought-resistant rice varieties for challenging environments.

References

Official Statistics Report (2022) Production of Rice 2021. https://www.bps.go.id/website/images/Produksi-Padi-Asem-2021-ind.jpg. Accessed date: 15 Febru-ary 2023

Wilujeng EDI, Ningtyas W, Nuraini Y (2015) Com-bined applications of biochar and legume residues to improve growth and yield of sweet potato in a dry land area of East Java. Journal of Degraded and Min-ing Lands Management 2 (4): 377–382. doi: 10.15243/jdmlm.2015. 024.377.

Huang X, Jang S, Kim B et al. (2021) Evaluating Genotype × Environment Interactions of Yield Traits and Adaptability in Rice Cultivars Grown under Temperate, Subtropical and Tropical Environments. Agriculture 11 (6): 558. doi: 10.3390/agriculture11060558.

Salleh SB, Rafii MY, Ismail MR et al. (2022) Geno-type-by-environment interaction effects on blast disease severity and genetic diversity of advanced blast-resistant rice lines based on quantitative traits. Frontiers in Agronomy 4. doi: 10.3389/fagro.2022.990397.

Wei X, Cang B, Yu K et al. (2022) Physiological Characterization of Drought Responses and Screen-ing of Rice Varieties under Dry Cultivation. Agrono-my 12 (11): 2849. doi: 10.3390/agronomy12112849.

Ji K, Wang Y, Sun W et al. (2012) Drought-responsive mechanisms in rice genotypes with con-trasting drought tolerance during reproductive stage. Journal of Plant Physiology 169 (4): 336–344. doi: 10.1016/j.jplph.2011.10.010.

Sisharmini A, Apriana A, Nurmaliki D et al. (2016) Identification of Changes of Agronomic Traits on the Activation-tagged Populations of T1 Transgenic Rice cv. Asemandi. Jurnal AgroBiogen 9 (3): 107. doi: 10.21082/jbio.v9n3.2013.p107-116.

Patmi YS, Pitoyo A, Solichatun, Sutarno (2020) Ef-fect of drought stress on morphological, anatomical, and physiological characteristics of Cempo Ireng Cul-tivar Mutant Rice (Oryza sativa l.) strain 51 irradiat-ed by gamma-ray. Journal of Physics: Conference Se-ries 1436 (1): 012015. doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1436/1/012015.

Mudhor MA, Dewanti P, Handoyo T, Ratnasari T (2022). The Effect of Drought Stress on Growth and Production of Black Rice Plants of Jeliteng Varieties. Jurnal Agrikultura 33 (3): 247-256. doi: 10.24198/agrikultura.v33i3.40361

IRRI (2002). Standard Evaluation System for Rice. Los Banos, IRRI

Elkheir, HA, Yunus, M, Muslimin, M (2016) Duration of Soil Water Content between Field Capacity and Wilting Point and Its Effect on Growth of Some Aer-obic Rice Cultivars (Oryza sativa L.). IJAS. doi: 10.20956/ijas.v4i1.239

Sonam S, Shambhoo P, Yadav V et al. (2018) Effect of Drought Stress on Yield and Yield Components of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes. International Jour-nal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 2018 (Special Issue-7): 2752–2759. doi: 10.20546/ijcmas.

Elemike E, Uzoh I, Onwudiwe D, Babalola O (2019) The Role of Nanotechnology in the Fortification of Plant Nutrients and Improvement of Crop Produc-tion. Applied Sciences 9 (3): 499. doi: 10.3390/app9030499.

Seleiman MF, Al-Suhaibani N, Ali N et al. (2021) Drought Stress Impacts on Plants and Different Ap-proaches to Alleviate Its Adverse Effects. Plants 10 (2): 259. doi: 10.3390/plants10020259.

Osakabe Y, Osakabe K, Shinozaki K, Tran L-SP (2014) Response of plants to water stress. Front Plant Science. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00086

Supriyanto B (2013) Infuences of water stress to growth and yields of Jambu local upland rice (Oryza sativa Linn). Agrifor 12 (1): 77-82. doi: 10.31293/af.v12i1.182

Li R, Li M, Ashraf U et al. (2019) Exploring the Rela-tionships Between Yield and Yield-Related Traits for Rice Varieties Released in China From 1978 to 2017. Front. Plant Sci. 10:543. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00543

Yuan L (2017) Progress in super-hybrid rice breed-ing. The Crop Journal 5 (2017) 100–102E- doi: 10.1016/j.cj.2017.02.0012214-514

Ma X, Feng F, Wei H et al. (2016) Genome-Wide Association Study for Plant Height and Grain Yield in Rice under Contrasting Moisture Regimes. Front. Plant Sci. 7:1801. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01801

Hussien A, Tavakol E, Horner DS et al. (2014) Genet-ics of Tillering in Rice and Barley. Plant Genome 7 (1) 1-20. doi: 10.3835/plantgenome2013.10.0032

Kumar V, Kim SH, Adnan MR et al. (2021) Tiller Outgrowth in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is Controlled by OsGT1, Which Acts Downstream of FC1 in a PhyB-Independent Manner. Journal of Plant Biology 64 (5): 417–430. doi: 10.1007/s12374-021-09310-9.

Hu X, Yu Y, Xia Y et al. (2023) Analysis of the Dy-namics and Characteristics of Rice Stem Tillers via Water Level Management. 2023. doi: 10.3390/w15061034

Romdon AS, Kurniyati E, Syamsul B, Pramono J (2014) Rice Varieties Description Book. Central Java, Center for the Study of Agricultural Technology.

Endang Gati, Lestari, Mariska I (2006) Drought Tol-erance Identification of Gajahmungkur, Towuti, and IR 64 Rice Somaclones Using Polyethylene Glycol. 34 (2): 71–78. doi: 10.24831/jai.v34i2.1280.

Suardi D, Lubis E, Mulyopawiro S (2003) Green-house Test for Drought Tolerance to Population of Rice F7 of IR64 X IRAT112. In Proceedings for Pio-neer Research in Plant Biotechnology: 26-27 De-cember 2001; Bogor. Edited by: -

Suardi D, Abdullah B (2003) Drought tolerant wild rice. doi: 10.21082/blpn.v9n1.2003.p33-38

Van Oosterom EJ, Bidinger FR, Weltzien ER (2003) A yield architecture framework to explain adaptation of pearl millet to environmental stress. Field Crops Research 80 (1): 33–56. doi: 10.1016/S0378-4290(02)00153-3.

Kaur G, Asthir B (2017) Molecular responses to drought stress in plants. Biologia plantarum 61 (2): 201–209. doi: 10.1007/s10535-016-0700-9.

Panda D, Mishra SS, Behera PK (2021) Drought Tolerance in Rice: Focus on Recent Mechanisms and Approaches. Rice Science 28 (2): 119–132. doi: 10.1016/j.rsci.2021.01.002.

Zhu R, Wu F, Zhou S et al. (2019) Cumulative effects of drought–flood abrupt alternation on the photo-synthetic characteristics of rice. Environmental and Experimental Botany 169. doi: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2019.103901.

Cal AJ, Sanciangco M, Rebolledo MC et al. (2019) Leaf morphology, rather than plant water status, underlies genetic variation of rice leaf rolling under drought. Plant, Cell & Environment 42 (5): 1532–1544. doi: 10.1111/pce.13514.

Fischer KS, Lafitte R, Fukai S, Atlin G, Hardy B (2003) Breeding rice for drought-prone environ-ments. Los Baños, IRRI.

Suwarno PM, Wirnas D, Junaedi DA (2016) Genetic Control of Drought Tolerance in Rice (Oryza sativa L.). Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) 44 (2): 119. doi: 10.24831/jai.v44i2.13477.

Santoso TJ, Apriana A, Sisharmini A, Trijatmiko KR (2016) Identification of Lines and Genes Associated with Drought Stress Tolerance in Transgenic Rice cv. T309 Containing Activation-Tagging Vector. Jurnal AgroBiogen 9 (3): 97. doi: 10.21082/jbio.v9n3.2013.p97-106.

Lestari EG (2006) Mechanism of Tolerance and Methods to Select Drought Resistance Plants. Berita Biologi 8 (3). doi: 10.14203/beritabiologi.v8i3.799

Mas-ud MdA, Matin MN, Fatamatuzzohora M et al. (2022) Screening for drought tolerance and diversi-ty analysis of Bangladeshi rice germplasms using morphophysiology and molecular markers. Biologia 77 (1): 21–37. doi: 10.1007/s11756-021-00923-6.

Vega MR (1982) Drought resistance in crops with emphasis on rice. Los Baños, Intern. Rice Research Institute

Ishimaru T, Sasaki K, Lumanglas PD et al. (2022) Effect of drought stress on flowering characteristics in rice (Oryza sativa L.): a study using genotypes contrasting in drought tolerance and flower opening time. Plant Production Science 25 (3): 359–370. doi: 10.1080/1343943X.2022.2085589.

Yang X, Wang B, Chen L et al. (2019) The different influences of drought stress at the flowering stage on rice physiological traits, grain yield, and quality. Scientific Reports 9 (1): 3742. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-40161-0.

Gautam V, Swaminathan M, Akilan M et al. (2021) Early flowering, good grain quality mutants through gamma rays and EMS for enhancing per day produc-tivity in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Int J Radiat Biol. 97 (12): 1716-1730. doi: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1987563

Gupta A, Rico-Medina A, Caño-Delgado AI. (2020) The physiology of plant responses to drought. Sci-ence 368 (6488): 266-269. doi: 10.1126/science.aaz7614.

Afza H, Andarini YN, Herlina L (2018). Tillers Diver-sity on One Hundred Accessions of Upland Rice Germplasm. Buletin Plasma Nutfah 24 (1): 9. doi: 10.21082/blpn.v24n1.2018.p9-18

Bheemanahalli R, Sathishraj R, Manoharan M et al. (2017) Is early morning flowering an effective trait to minimize heat stress damage during flowering in rice? Field Crops Research 203 238–242. doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2016.11.011.

Hirabayashi H, Sasaki K, Kambe T et al. (2015) qEMF3, a novel QTL for the early-morning flowering trait from wild rice, Oryza officinalis, to mitigate heat stress damage at flowering in rice, O. sativa. Journal of Experimental Botany 66 (5): 1227–1236. doi: 10.1093/jxb/eru474.

Agronomical Performances of Gajah Mungkur Mutant Rice Varieties Under Drought Stress