Alterations in Blaood Profiles and Spleen Tissue Following Purple Sweet Pota-to Anthocyanin Extract Treatment in Restraint-Stressed Mice
Blood Profiles and Spleen Tissue Following Purple Sweet Potato Anthocyanin Extract Treatment
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11594/jtls.14.01.19Keywords:
anthocyanin, blood, caspase, stress, purple potato, spleenAbstract
Stress is associated with broad changes in blood and immune cell dysfunction, which are correlated with the spleen as a secondary lymphoid organ. Anthocyanin, a plant bioactive compound from purple sweet potatoes, has previously been reported to have a beneficial effect on stress response behavior. However, the limited studies evaluated anthocyanin's effect on blood profiles and spleen tissue under stress. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the effect of total anthocyanin extract (ANC) from purple sweet potatoes (PSP) on the blood profiles and spleen tissue of restraint stressed mice. A total of 20 male adult BALB/c mice were divided into control (CTRL), stress (STR), stress + ANC 10 mg/kgBW (STR+ANC10), stress + ANC 20 mg/kgBW (STR+ANC20), and stress + ANC 40 mg/kgBW (STR+ANC10). Restraint stress was applied two hours/day for 14 days. An automatic blood analyzer was used for blood profiling. Immunoblotting of caspase-3 and hematoxylin-eosin-stained histological slides were observed for spleen tissue analysis. Combination of STR and ANC treatment reduced the erythrocyte count, hemoglobin level, and leucocyte count. The ANC-treated groups had a higher percentage of lymphocytes and a lower percentage of granulocytes. The expression of caspase-3 declined among ANC-treated groups. Spleen extramedullary erythropoiesis, vacuolization, and white pulp involution were demonstrated in stress and ANC-treated animals. In summary, restraint stress modified the blood cell profiles and spleen tissue in the mice model. Further research is necessary to evaluate the mechanism of ANC during stress on blood cells and splenic tissue repair enhancement.
References
Fink G (2017) Stress: Concepts, Definition and History in Reference Module in Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Psychology. (January 2010): 549–555. doi: 10.1016/B978-008045046-9.00076-0.
de Abreu MS, Demin KA, Giacomini ACVV et al. (2021) Understanding how stress responses and stress-related behaviors have evolved in zebrafish and mammals. Neurobiology of Stress 15 100405. doi: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100405.
Zafar MS, Nauman M, Nauman H et al. (2021) Impact of Stress on Human Body : A Review. 3 (3): 1–7.doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejmed.2021.3.3.821:
Kapila V, Wehrle CJ, Tuma F (2023) Physiology , Spleen. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan–. PMID: 30725992. Bookshelf ID: NBK537307.
Wei Y, Wang T, Liao L et al. (2022) Brain-spleen axis in health and diseases: A review and future perspective. Brain Research Bulletin 182:130–140. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.02.008.
McDonald LT, Lopez MF, Helke KL et al. (2019) Early blood profile of C57BL/6 mice exposed to chronic unpredictable stress. Frontiers in Psychiatry 10(20): 1–6. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00230.
Dhabhar FS (2014) Effects of stress on immune function: The good, the bad, and the beautiful. Immunologic Research 58: 193–210. doi: 10.1007/s12026-014-8517-0.
Lever-van Milligen BA, Vogelzangs N, Smit JH, Penninx BWJH (2014) Hemoglobin levels in persons with depressive and/or anxiety disorders. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 76 (4): 317–321. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2014.01.004.
Shafiee M, Tayefi M, Hassanian SM et al. (2017) Depression and anxiety symptoms are associated with white blood cell count and red cell distribution width: A sex-stratified analysis in a population-based study. Psychoneuroendocrinology 84:101–108. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.06.021.
Leonard BE (2010) The concept of depression as a dysfunction of the immune system. Curr Immunol Rev 6 (3): 205–212. doi: 10.2174/157339510791823835.The.
Jahangard L, Behzad M (2020) Diminished functional properties of T regulatory cells in major depressive disorder: The influence of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. J Neuroimmunol. 334 (577250):1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577250
Aghajani M, Mahdavi MRV, Najafabadi MK et al. (2018) Depressed Immune Responses and Accelerated Splenic Apoptosis due to Experience of Food Deprivation and Inequality but not Unstable Social Status in Balb/c Mice. NeuroImmunoModulation 24 (4–5): 200–210. doi: 10.1159/000480732.
Song M, Wang C, Yang H et al. (2020) P-STAT3 Inhibition Activates Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Induced Splenocyte Apoptosis in Chronic Stress. Frontiers in Physiology 11 (680): 1–11. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00680.
Hernandez ME, Martinez-Mota L, Salinas C et al. (2013) Chronic stress induces structural alterations in splenic lymphoid tissue that are associated with changes in corticosterone levels in wistar-kyoto rats. Biomed Res Int. Vol.2013 Article ID: 868742. doi: 10.1155/2013/868742
Jiang W, Li Y, Sun J et al. (2017) Spleen contributes to restraint stress induced changes in blood leukocytes distribution. Scientific Reports 7 (1): 1–10. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-06956-9.
Reive BS, Johnston JN, Sánchez-Lafuente CL et al. (2023) Intravenous Reelin Treatment Rescues Atrophy of Spleen White Pulp and Correlates to Rescue of Forced Swim Test Immobility and Neurochemical Alterations Induced by Chronic Stress. Chronic Stress 7:1-3. doi: 10.1177/24705470231164920
Vringer E, Tait SWG (2019) Mitochondria and inflammation: Cell death heats up. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology 7 (100): 1-6. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00100.
Zhang J, Zhao Y, Sun N et al. (2022) Lycopene Alleviates Chronic Stress-Induced Spleen Apoptosis and Immunosuppression via Inhibiting the Notch Signaling Pathway in Rats. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 70 (9): 2889–2897. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07550.
Kurnianingsih N, Artamevia D, Winarta AK, Wulandari AP (2023) Modifying Effect of Anthocyanin from Purple Sweet Potatoes on Visceral Fat Tissue Inflammation and Liver Oxidative Stress in Psychological Stress-Induced Mice. Journal of Tropical Life Science 13 (2): 393–398. doi: 10.11594/jtls.13.02.18.N.
Kurnianingsih N, Ratnawati R, Nazwar TA et al. (2020) The behavioral effect of anthocyanin from purple sweet potatoes on prenatally stressed offspring mice. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy 11 (10): 482–490. doi: 10.31838/srp.2020.10.72.
Miguel MG (2011) Anthocyanins: Antioxidant and/or anti-inflammatory activities. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science 1 (6): 7–15.
Kurnianingsih N, Ratnawati R, Nazwar T et al. (2021) Purple Sweet Potatoes from East Java of Indonesia Revealed the Macronutrient, Anthocyanin Compound and Antidepressant Activity Candidate. Medical Archives 75 (2): 94. doi: 10.5455/medarh.2021.75.94-100.
Zhou L, Zhang C, Qiang Y et al. (2021) Anthocyanin from purple sweet potato attenuates lead-induced reproductive toxicity mediated by JNK signaling pathway in male mice. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 224 (2021):112683. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112683.
Dharmawansa KVS, Hoskin DW, Vasantha Rupasinghe HP (2020) Chemopreventive effect of dietary anthocyanins against gastrointestinal cancers: A review of recent advances and perspectives. Int J Mol Sci. 21(6555). doi: 10.3390/ijms21186555
Alam FM, Kurnianingsih N, Fatchiyah F (2022) Phytochemical Analysis of Purple Sweet Potatoes (Ipomoea batatas) Roots Extract From Lawang and Kawi Mountain Cultivar, East Java, Indonesia. The Journal of Experimental Life Sciences 12 (1): 17–22. doi: 10.21776/ub.jels.2022.012.01.03.
Pangemanan L, Irwanto I, Maramis MM (2023) The Antidepressant Effect of Fluoxetine and Mozart K448 Combination Therapy on Hippocampal Serotonin and BDNF Levels. Pharmacognosy Journal 15 (2): 325–328. doi: 10.5530/pj.2023.15.48.
Reyhanditya D, Hikmawati VF, Kurnianingsih N, Fatchiyah F (2022) Restraint Stress Impacts on Behavioral Changes and Adrenal and Kidney Tissue Histopathology of Adult Mice. Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya 32 (1): 1–7. doi: 10.21776/ub.jkb.2022.032.01.1.
Fazlelahi Z, J K, M3 Z, Panahi N (2023) Effects of Intracerebroventricular Injection of the Steroidal and Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs on the Seizures during the Estrous Cycle in Rat. Archives of Razi Institute 78 (3): 807–813. doi: 10.22092/ARI.2022.360115.2553.
Voorhees JL, Tarr AJ, Wohleb ES et al. (2013) Prolonged Restraint Stress Increases IL-6, Reduces IL-10, and Causes Persistent Depressive-Like Behavior That Is Reversed by Recombinant IL-10. PLoS One. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058488
Voorhees JL, Powell ND, Moldovan L et al. (2013) Chronic Restraint Stress Upregulates Erythropoiesis through Glucocorticoid Stimulation. PLoS ONE 8 (10): e77935. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077935.
Wei C, Zhou J, Huang X, Li M (2008) Effects of psychological stress on serum iron and erythropoiesis. International Journal of Hematology 88 (1): 52–56. doi: 10.1007/s12185-008-0105-4.
McKim DB, Yin W, Wang Y et al. (2018) Social Stress Mobilizes Hematopoietic Stem Cells to Establish Persistent Splenic Myelopoiesis. Cell Reports 25 (9): 2552-2562.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.10.102.
Tang L, Cai N, Zhou Y et al. (2022) Acute stress induces an inflammation dominated by innate immunity represented by neutrophils in mice. Frontiers in Immunology 13 (September): 1–13. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1014296.
Checkouri E, Reignier F, Silva CR Da, Meilhac O (2020) Evaluation of polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity of aqueous extracts from eight medicinal plants from reunion island: Protection against oxidative stress in red blood cells and preadipocytes. Antioxidants 9 (10): 1–21. doi: 10.3390/antiox9100959.
Saputra AABY, Putra DGP, Putra IPYA, Warditiani NK (2020) The effect of oral administration of ipomoea batatas l. Leaves etanolic extract on hematological profile in rats. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology 13 (2): 679–681. doi: 10.5958/0974-360X.2020.00130.4.
Ologundudu A, Ologundudu AO, Ololade IA, Obi FO (2009) The effect of hibiscus anthocyanins on 2, 4- dinitrophenylhydrazine-induced hepatotoxicity in rabbits. International Journal of Physical Sciences 4 (4): 233–237.
Shibuya S, Toda T, Ozawa Y et al. (2020) Acai extract transiently upregulates erythropoietin by inducing a renal hypoxic condition in mice. Nutrients 12 (2): 1–9. doi: 10.3390/nu12020533.
Bonarska-Kujawa D, Pruchnik H, Kleszczyńska H (2012) Interaction of selected anthocyanins with erythrocytes and liposome membranes. Cellular and Molecular Biology Letters 17 (2): 289–308. doi: 10.2478/s11658-012-0010-y.
Chen CM, Li SC, Lin YL et al. (2005) Consumption of purple sweet potato leaves modulates human immune response: T-lymphocyte functions, lytic activity of natural killer cell and antibody production. World Journal of Gastroenterology 11 (37): 5777–5781. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i37.5777.
Mattioli R, Francioso A, Mosca L, Silva P (2020) Anthocyanins: A Comprehensive Review of Their Chemical Properties and Health Effects on Cardiovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Molecules. 25(3809):1-42.doi: 10.3390/molecules25173809
Kuntz S, Kunz C, Domann E et al. (2016) Inhibition of low-grade inflammation by anthocyanins after microbial fermentation in vitro. Nutrients. 8 (41):1-19. doi: 10.3390/nu8070411
Groh IAM, Bakuradze T, Pahlke G et al. (2020) Consumption of anthocyanin-rich beverages affects Nrf2 and Nrf2-dependent gene transcription in peripheral lymphocytes and DNA integrity of healthy volunteers. BMC Chemistry 14 (1): 1–10. doi: 10.1186/s13065-020-00690-6.
Bibi S, Du M, Zhu MJ (2018) Dietary red raspberry reduces colorectal inflammation and carcinogenic risk in mice with dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. Journal of Nutrition 148 (5): 667–674. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxy007.
Piekarska J, Szczypka M, Kucharska AZ, Gorczykowski M (2018) Effects of iridoid-anthocyanin extract of Cornus mas L. on hematological parameters, population and proliferation of lymphocytes during experimental infection of mice with Trichinella spiralis. Experimental Parasitology 188: 58–64. doi: 10.1016/j.exppara.2018.03.012.
Meng LB, Shan MJ, Yu ZM et al. (2020) Chronic stress: a crucial promoter of cell apoptosis in atherosclerosis. J Int Med Res.48(1):1-6. doi: 10.1177/0300060518814606
Lin J, Tian J, Shu C et al. (2020) Malvidin-3-galactoside from blueberry suppresses the growth and metastasis potential of hepatocellular carcinoma cell Huh-7 by regulating apoptosis and metastases pathways. Food Science and Human Wellness 9 (2): 136–145. doi: 10.1016/j.fshw.2020.02.004.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Tropical Life Science
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
The work has not been published before (except in the form of an abstract or part of a published lecture or thesis) and it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere. When the manuscript is accepted for publication in this journal, the authors agree to automatic transfer of the copyright to the publisher.
Journal of Tropical Life Science is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
_.png){kind=logo}
