Bacterial Profile and Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of Urinary Tract Infection Among Children in Karbala Teaching Hospital
Bacterial Profile and Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of Urinary Tract Infection
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11594/jtls.13.01.13Keywords:
Antimicrobial susceptibility, Children, Karbala Hospital, Urinary Tract InfectionAbstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common diseases in pediatric age groups. The emergence of bacterial strains that exhibit resistance to specific antimicrobial agents has led to several therapeutic challenges. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of common types of bacteria isolated from urine samples of patients with urinary tract infections in Karbala Teaching Hospital for Children. The study was conducted between September 2021 and January 2022. The susceptibilities of antimicrobial agents were determined using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion technique. Positive cultures from 56 patients were included in the analysis. Escherichia coli and Proteus spp. were the most common organisms identified in pediatric patients suspected of a UTI (50% and 14.3%, respectively), while Raoutella ornithimolytics and Enterobacter sp. represented 7.14%. Other bacteria like Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Serratia spp., and Kluyvera spp. represented 3.6%. The sensitivity of E. coli isolates to imipenem, amikacin, and chloramphenicol were 92.9%, 85.7%, and 78.6%, respectively. Proteus spp. isolates solely exhibited susceptibility to amikacin and nalidixic acid. The current study concluded that E. coli was the most frequently arising underlying pathogen UTI in pediatric patients. In this clinical setting, the organisms identified exhibited high susceptibility to imipenem, amikacin, and chloramphenicol.
References
Ahmed SS, Shariq A, Alsalloom AA, Babikir IH, Alhomoud BN (2019) Uropathogens and their antimicrobial resistance patterns: Relationship with urinary tract infections. International Journal of Health Sciences (Qassim) 13 (2): 48. PMCID: PMC6436442
Zellweger RM, Basnyat B, Shrestha P et al. (2018) Changing antimicrobial resistance trends in Kathmandu, Nepal: a 23-year retrospective analysis of bacteraemia. Frontiers in Medicine 5: 262-270. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00262.
Renda R (2018) Diagnosis and antibiotic resistance distribution in children with urinary tract infection: a single center experience. International Journal of Pediatrics 6 (1): 6815–6822. doi: 10.22038/ijp.2017.28352.2462.
Oliveira EA, Mak R (2020) Urinary tract infection in pediatrics: an overview. Jornal de pediatria (Rio Journal) 96: 65–79. doi: 10.1016/j.jped.2019.10.006.
Fanelli U, Chiné V, Pappalardo M et al. (2020) Improving the quality of hospital antibiotic use: Impact on multidrug-resistant bacterial infections in children. Frontiers in Pharmacology 11: 745-754. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00745.
Bryce A, Hay AD, Lane IF et al. (2016) Prevalence of antibiotic resistance in paediatric urinary tract infections caused by Escherichia coli and association with routine use of antibiotics in primary care: systematic review and meta-analysis. British Medical Journal 352: i939. doi: 10.1136/bmj.i939.
Mohammed S, Ahmed M, Karem K (2014) Incidence of Multi-Drug Resistant Escherichia Coli Isolates from Blood and Urine in Kerbala, Iraq. Journal of kerbala University 10 (2): 222-227. https://www.iasj.net/iasj/pdf/bea940a4a05b8cc2.
Aljanaby AAJ, Alhasnawi H (2017) Research article phenotypic and molecular characterization of multidrug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from different clinical sources in Al-Najaf Province-Iraq. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 20 (5): 217–232. doi: 10.3923/pjbs.2017.217.232.
Rao P, Chennu MM, Vennila T et al. (2022) Assessment of Bacterial Isolates from the Urine Specimens of Urinary Tract Infected Patient. BioMed Research International 1-12. doi: 10.1155/2022/4088187.
Haller M, Brandis M, Berner R (2004) Antibiotic resistance of urinary tract pathogens and rationale for empirical intravenous therapy. Pediatric Nephrology 19 (9): 982–996. doi: 10.1007/s00467-004-1528-7.
Cai T, Verze P, Palmieri A et al. (2017) Is preoperative assessment and treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria necessary for reducing the risk of postoperative symptomatic urinary tract infections after urologic surgical procedures? Urology 99: 100–105. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2016.10.016.
Nelson CP, Hoberman A, Shaikh N et al. (2016) Antimicrobial resistance and urinary tract infection recurrence. Pediatrics 137 (4): 1-11. doi: 10.1542/peds.2015-2490.
Humphries R, Bobenchik AM, Hindler JA et al. (2021) Overview of changes to the clinical and laboratory standards institute performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing, M100. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 59 (12): e00213-21. doi: 10.1128/JCM.00213-21.
Zowawi HM, Harris PNA, Roberts MJ et al. (2015) The emerging threat of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria in urology. Nature Reviews Urology 12 (10): 570–584. doi: 10.1038/nrurol.2015.199.
Kakoullis L, Papachristodoulou E, Chra P, Panos G (2021) Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in important gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens and novel antibiotic solutions. Antibiotics 10 (4): 415-440. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics10040415.
Kibret M, Abera B (2014) Prevalence and antibiogram of bacterial isolates from urinary tract infections at Dessie Health Research Laboratory, Ethiopia. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 4 (2): 164–8. doi: 10.1016/S2221-1691(14)60226-4.
Al-Baqer TM, Al-Gharrawi SAR, Saeed NALHA (2021) Causative Microorganisms and Antibiotics Susceptibilities in Children with Urinary Tract Infection. Al-Mustansiriyah journal of science 32 (1): 5–9. doi: 10.23851/mjs.v32i1.948.
Vazouras K, Velali K, Tassiou I et al. (2020) Antibiotic treatment and antimicrobial resistance in children with urinary tract infections. Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance 20: 4–10. doi: 10.1016/j.jgar.2019.06.016.
Nateghian AR, Karaji S, Zamani K (2021) A decade of trends in the distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of prevalent uropathogens among pediatric patients from Tehran, Iran during 2005–2016. Asian Journal of Urology 8 (3): 253–9. doi: 10.1016/j.ajur.2020.05.008.
Folliero V, Caputo P, Rocca Della MT et al. (2020) Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of bacterial pathogens in urinary tract infections in university hospital of campania “luigi vanvitelli” between 2017 and 2018. Antibiotics. 9 (5): 1–9. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics9050215.
Naqid IA, Balatay AA, Hussein NR et al. (2020) Bacterial strains and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in male urinary tract infections in Duhok province, Iraq. Middle East Journal of Rehabilitation and Health Studies 7 (3): e103529. doi: 10.5812/mejrh.103529.
Mortazavi-Tabatabaei SAR, Ghaderkhani J, Nazari A, Sayehmiri K, Sayehmiri F, Pakzad I,(2019).Pattern of antibacterial resistance in urinary tract infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Preventive Medicine 10. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6826787/.
Alanazi MQ, Alqahtani FY, Aleanizy FS (2018) An evaluation of E. coli in urinary tract infection in emergency department at KAMC in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: retrospective study. Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials 17 (1): 1–7. doi: 10.1186/s12941-018-0255-z.
Erol B, Culpan M, Caskurlu H et al. (2018) Changes in antimicrobial resistance and demographics of UTIs in pediatric patients in a single institution over a 6-year period. Journal of Pediatric Urology 14 (2): 176-e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2017.12.002.
Singh P, Lal V, Malik S (2021) Bacterial Pathogens in Urinary Tract Infection and Their Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern American Journal of Microbiological Research 9 (3): 75–82. doi: 10.12691/ajmr-9-3-2.
Hashemitabar G, Mojtahedi A (2016) Antibiotic-resistance patterns in E. coli isolated from patients with Urinary Tract Infection in Rasht. Guilan University of Medical Sciences 24 (96): 22–9. https://www.sid.ir/en/Journal/ViewPaper.aspx?ID=526105.
Poey N, Madhi F, Biscardi S, Béchet S, Cohen R (2017) Aminoglycosides monotherapy as first-line treatment for febrile urinary tract infection in children. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 36 (11): 1104–7. doi: 10.1097/INF.0000000000001636.
Vazouras K, Velali K, Tassiou I et al. (2019) Antibiotic treatment and antimicrobial resistance in children with urinary tract infections. Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance 20: 4–10. doi: 10.1016/j.jgar.2019.06.016.
Nateghian AR, Karaji S, Zamani K (2021) A decade of trends in the distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of prevalent uropathogens among pediatric patients from Tehran, Iran during 2005–2016. Asian Journal of Urology 8 (3): 253–9. doi: 10.1016/j.ajur.2020.05.008.
Iqbal Z, Mumtaz MZ, Malik A (2021) Extensive drug-resistance in strains of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from pediatric urinary tract infections. Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences 16 (4): 565–74. doi: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2021.03.004.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Journal of Tropical Life Science
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
The work has not been published before (except in the form of an abstract or part of a published lecture or thesis) and it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere. When the manuscript is accepted for publication in this journal, the authors agree to automatic transfer of the copyright to the publisher.
Journal of Tropical Life Science is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
_.png){kind=logo}
