Niche Overlap between Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii and Helarctos malayanus Raffles within Small Scale Habitat in Punggualas Area, Sebangau National Park

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11594/jtls.11.03.08

Keywords:

niche overlap, Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii, Helarctos malayanus Raffles, Punggualas, Sebangau National Park

Abstract

The Sebangau National Park is a major stronghold for Bornean Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) ranging from 6000 – 9000 individuals. In comparison with Bornean Orangutans, very little ecological fieldwork has been conducted to investigate sun bear biology, and there have been no thorough surveys of distribution or population densities. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the basic information on niche overlap between these two endangered species, specifically to quantify their relationship within the small-scale habitat in Punggualas area, SNP. Data was collected and measured during 15 – 21 June 2019; using line transects methods. A total of 6580 m was walked along 8 consecutive transects. Bear and aging sign follow Augeri protocols. A total 18 printed mark-claw and 17 Orangutan nests was measured according to the mentioned methodology.  The relationships between signs use binary logistic regressions (StatPlus for Mac) and PCA model (using R), while interspecific relationships use Co-Occurrence modeling, ESP for Windows. The results showed that there is no difference between bear sign and orangutan nest (c2: 26.249; df :1, p-value : 0.001); While the results on habitat selection between transects is failed to reject the null hypothesis (c2 = 0.29; df :1, p-value : 0.490). The Mann-Whitney U test, also confirmed no distinctive overlap between the Orangutan and the Sun Bear (Z: 0.84; p-value: 0.40). The co-occurrence simulations also revealed significant results (C-Score = 1.00), by means both target animals co-existed in the habitat.  Obviously, the Orangutan and Sun Bear occupy the same habitat. There is no distinctive overlap between them in terms of tree species selection and having a close interrelationship in terms of feeding ground, whereas the fruiting is not available. The only distinctive difference is that the Bear sign was tend hindering waterlogged terrain.

Author Biographies

  • Adventus Panda, University of Palangka Raya, Palangka Raya 7311A, Indonesia
    Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences
  • Widya Krestina, University of Palangka Raya, Palangka Raya 7311A, Indonesia
    Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences

References

Shepherd PA, Rieley JO, and Page SE (1997) The relationship between forest structure and peat characteristics in the upper catchments of the Sungai Sebangau, Central Kalimantan. Biodiversity and Sustainability of Tropical Peatlands , JO Rieley and SE page (eds). Samara Publishing, Cardigan, UK. Pp. 191-210.

Husson SJ, Limin SH, Adul et al. (2018) Biodiversity of the sebangau tropical peat swamp forest, Indonesian Borneo. Mires Peat. doi: 10.19189/MaP.2018.OMB.352

Wich SA, Gaveau D, Abram N et al. (2012) Understanding the Impacts of Land-Use Policies on a Threatened Species: Is There a Future for the Bornean Orang-utan? PLoS One. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049142

Husson S, Morrogh-Bernard H (2004) Orangutan population dynamics in the Sebangau Ecosystem , Central Kalimantan Distribution , Population Size and Trends. (June): 1–18.

Santika T, Ancrenaz M, Wilson KA et al. (2017) First integrative trend analysis for a great ape species in Borneo. Sci Rep. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-04435-9

Morrogh-Bernard HC (2008) Furrubbing as a form of self-medication in Pongo pygmaeus. International Journal of Primatology 29 (4): 1059–1064. doi: 10.1007/s10764-008-9266-5.

Scotson L, Fredriksson G, Augeri D et al. (2017) Helarctos malayanus (errata version published in 2018). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: eT9760A123798233 8235 1–26.

Wong S Te (1997) The ecology of the Malayan Sun Bear (Helarctos malayanus) the the lowland tropical rainforest Sabah, Malaysian Borneo.

Te Wong S, Servheen CW, Ambu L (2004) Home range, movement and activity patterns, and bedding sites of Malayan sun bears Helarctos malayanus in the Rain-forest of Borneo. Biological Conservation 119 (2): 169–181. doi: 10.1016/j.biocon.2003.10.029.

Cheyne S, Rowland D, Höing A, Husson S (2013) How orang-utans choose where to sleep: comparison of nest site variables. Asian Primates Journal 3 (1): 13 – 17.

Prasetyo D, Utami S, Suprijatna J (2012) Nest Stuctures in Bornean Orangutan. Jurnal Biologi Indonesia 8 (2): 217–227. doi: 10.14203/jbi.v8i2.3042.

van Schaik CP, Priatna A, Priatna D (1995) Population Estimates and Habitat Preferences of Orangutans Based on Line Transects of Nests. Neglected Ape. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4899-1091-2_15

Augeri DM (2005) On the Biogeographic Ecology of the Malayan Sun Bear, Wildlife Research Group, Depart-ment of Anatomy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Uni-versity of Cambridge. (January 2005): 1–349.

Siew TW, Servheen C, Ambu L, Norhayati A (2005) Impacts of fruit production cycles on Malayan sun bears and bearded pigs in lowland tropical forest of Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. Journal of Tropical Ecology 21 (6): 627–639. doi: 10.1017/S0266467405002622.

Downloads

Published

2021-09-30

Issue

Section

Articles